https://jnrtmns.net/index.php/jnrt/issue/feed JOURNAL of NUCLEAR and Related TECHNOLOGIES 2026-07-05T14:10:42+00:00 FARIDAH BINTI MOHAMAD IDRIS faridah246@gmail.com Open Journal Systems <p style="font-weight: 400;">Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies (JNRT) is a bi-annual scientific and technology journal related to the use of nuclear science, engineering, technology and economy in the fields of medicine, industry, agriculture, forensic, sustainabilty and research. It was first published in 1983 (known as&nbsp;<strong>Jurnal Sains Nuklear Malaysia</strong>) by the Tun Ismail Atomic Research Centre (currently known as Malaysian Nuclear Agency). Since 1999, the management and publication of this journal was entrusted to the Malaysian Nuclear Society (MNS). Under MNS JNRT expands its editorial board to include local as well as international experts in various fields related to the thrust of this journal.&nbsp; The new JNRT cover depicts part of the MNS logo, as well as the full MNS logo at the bottom left of the cover page.</p> <p style="font-weight: 400;">The Editorial Board of JNRT and MNS welcome and thank contributors to this journal. The statements and opinions expressed in the published articles and the communication herein are those of the author(s) and not necessarily of the editor(s) or the publisher.&nbsp; The Editorial Board of JNRT, MNS and the publisher claim no responsibility to any omissions or inaccuracies, nor guarantee their contents.</p> https://jnrtmns.net/index.php/jnrt/article/view/315 SHORT HALF LIFE RADIONUCLIDE IN SOILS AND FLORA NEAR INDUSTRIAL AREA IN KLANG, SELANGOR, MALAYSIA 2026-07-05T14:10:42+00:00 Muhammad Azfar Azman azfar@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Heavy industries as well as densely populated areas are contributing to anthropogenic activities, which in turn if not managed well, could impact the environment and health of the populations. The objective of this study is to determine the key contaminants into the environment of Klang District due to anthropogenic activities. Samples were collected on nine different locations in Klang Districts including soil samples as well as flora samples which are edible crops that are usually harvested for cooking or human consumption and decorative tree leaves. The samples were analyzed using Neutron Activation Analysis techniques.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Industri berat serta kawasan berpenduduk padat menyumbang kepada aktiviti antropogenik, yang jika tidak diurus dengan baik, boleh memberi kesan kepada alam sekitar dan kesihatan penduduk. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan bahan cemar utama ke dalam persekitaran Daerah Klang akibat aktiviti antropogenik. Sampel dikumpul di sembilan lokasi berbeza di Daerah Klang termasuk sampel tanah serta sampel flora yang merupakan tanaman boleh dimakan yang biasanya dituai untuk memasak atau makanan manusia dan daun pokok hiasan. Sampel dianalisis menggunakan teknik Analisis Pengaktifan Neutron.</p> 2026-07-05T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jnrtmns.net/index.php/jnrt/article/view/312 CALIBRATION OF THE LOW ENERGY ELECTRON ACCELERATOR DOSE PROFILE 2026-07-05T13:15:30+00:00 Leo Kwee Wah leo77@nm.gov.my <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>This paper describes dose profile calibration for Low Energy Electron Accelerator (LEEA). This locally designed LEEA of 300 keV and 10 mA has been operated and serve for irradiation purpose. In the setup, the electron beam is energized by the electric field with high voltage power supply, scanning and passing through the titanium foil, to irradiate the sample. The dose profile by the energetic beam mapping results have been obtained by using Cellulose Triacetate (CTA) dosimeter for the calibration purpose.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Makalah ini menerangkan penentukuran profil dos untuk Pemecut Elektron Tenaga Rendah (LEEA). LEEA reka bentuk tempatan 300 keV dan 10 mA ini telah dikendalikan dan berfungsi untuk tujuan penyinaran. Dalam persediaan, pancaran elektron ditenagakan oleh medan elektrik dengan bekalan kuasa voltan tinggi, mengimbas dan melepasi kerajang titanium, untuk menyinari sampel. Profil dos oleh hasil pemetaan rasuk bertenaga telah diperoleh dengan menggunakan dosimeter Cellulose Triacetate (CTA) untuk tujuan penentukuran.</p> 2026-07-05T00:00:00+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jnrtmns.net/index.php/jnrt/article/view/313 POWERING ASEAN'S CLEAN FUTURE: A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED SOLUTIONS 2026-07-05T13:15:30+00:00 Ibrahim Fergo Junaidi connect@lunarcore.energy <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Southeast Asia stands at a pivotal juncture, experiencing a profound digital transformation that is simultaneously a driving force for economic growth and a significant amplifier of energy demand. This rapid expansion in cloud computing, Artificial Intelligence (AI), fintech, and biotech necessitates substantial hyperscale infrastructure development, which in turn projects the region's energy demand to double by 2040.1 This surge is juxtaposed against a backdrop of persistent energy challenges, including unreliable, fragile grids heavily reliant on fossil fuels, a substantial clean energy access gap affecting over 800 million people in Asia, and increasing vulnerability to climate and geopolitical disruptions [1]. The current energy infrastructure is proving insufficient and unsustainable for the region's ambitious growth trajectory. To address these multifaceted challenges, a pioneering, vertically integrated clean digital infrastructure model is proposed. This comprehensive framework centers on the strategic deployment of decentralized advanced nuclear technologies, specifically Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and microreactors, tailored to the diverse energy needs of ASEAN countries. Complementing this generation capacity, the model establishes a centralized regional energy trading hub, facilitating cross-border power flows and resource sharing. Crucially, it integrates seamlessly with hyperscale data centers, providing them with climate-aligned, reliable baseload energy, while also extending clean power access to rural electrification zones. The entire ecosystem is envisioned to leverage blockchain technology for transparent power provenance, ensuring accountability and fostering trust in energy transactions [1]. This integrated approach offers transformative potential for both digital growth and climate alignment. By directly confronting issues of grid unreliability, soaring data demands, and high carbon emissions, the strategy aims to provide clean, resilient, and affordable energy for every community, from remote villages to advanced smart cities. This not only builds energy sovereignty and security but also lays a clean foundation for Southeast Asia's digital future, positioning the region as a leader in sustainable development [1].</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Asia Tenggara berada di persimpangan yang penting, mengalami transformasi digital yang mendalam yang pada masa yang sama menjadi daya penggerak untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi dan penguat ketara permintaan tenaga. Pengembangan pesat dalam pengkomputeran awan, Kecerdasan Buatan (AI), fintech dan bioteknologi memerlukan pembangunan infrastruktur hiperskala yang besar, yang seterusnya mengunjurkan permintaan tenaga rantau ini meningkat dua kali ganda menjelang 2040.1 Lonjakan ini disandingkan dengan latar belakang cabaran tenaga yang berterusan, termasuk grid rapuh yang tidak boleh dipercayai yang sangat bergantung kepada bahan api bersih8 yang sangat bergantung kepada akses kepada fosil80. juta orang di Asia, dan meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap iklim dan gangguan geopolitik [1]. Infrastruktur tenaga semasa terbukti tidak mencukupi dan tidak mampan untuk trajektori pertumbuhan yang bercita-cita tinggi di rantau ini. Untuk menangani pelbagai cabaran ini, model infrastruktur digital bersih yang perintis dan bersepadu secara menegak dicadangkan. Rangka kerja komprehensif ini tertumpu pada penggunaan strategik teknologi nuklear terdesentralisasi termaju, khususnya Reaktor Modular Kecil (SMR) dan mikroreaktor, yang disesuaikan dengan keperluan tenaga yang pelbagai negara ASEAN. Melengkapkan kapasiti penjanaan ini, model itu mewujudkan hab perdagangan tenaga serantau berpusat, memudahkan aliran kuasa merentas sempadan dan perkongsian sumber. Yang penting, ia berintegrasi dengan lancar dengan pusat data hiperskala, memberikan mereka tenaga beban asas yang sejajar iklim dan boleh dipercayai, di samping memperluaskan akses kuasa bersih ke zon elektrifikasi luar bandar. Keseluruhan ekosistem dibayangkan untuk memanfaatkan teknologi blockchain untuk sumber kuasa yang telus, memastikan akauntabiliti dan memupuk kepercayaan dalam urus niaga tenaga [1]. Pendekatan bersepadu ini menawarkan potensi transformatif untuk kedua-dua pertumbuhan digital dan penjajaran iklim. Dengan secara langsung berhadapan dengan isu ketidakpercayaan grid, permintaan data yang melambung tinggi, dan pelepasan karbon yang tinggi, strategi ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan tenaga yang bersih, berdaya tahan dan mampu milik untuk setiap komuniti, daripada kampung terpencil ke bandar pintar maju. Ini bukan sahaja membina kedaulatan tenaga dan keselamatan tetapi juga meletakkan asas yang bersih untuk masa depan digital Asia Tenggara, meletakkan rantau ini sebagai peneraju dalam pembangunan mampan [1].</p> 2026-07-05T13:11:04+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jnrtmns.net/index.php/jnrt/article/view/314 STUDY OF THERMAL HYDRAULICS PARAMETERS OF TRIGA RESEARCH REACTOR UNDER NATURAL CONVECTION MODE OF COOLANT FLOW USING NCTRIGA COMPUTER CODE 2026-07-05T13:15:31+00:00 Md Altaf Hossen altaf335@yahoo.com <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>A thermal-hydraulic analysis of the TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor operating at 500 kW under natural convection conditions was conducted using the NCTRIGA code utilizing SRAC2006 neutronics data, and results were benchmarked against MCNP4C calculations. The study focused on evaluating key thermal-hydraulic parameters along the axial length of the hottest fuel rod (C4) to ensure the reactor's safety. The Reynolds number exhibited a consistent increase with axial height. Conversely, heat flux, heat transfer coefficient, and fuel centerline temperature demonstrated a similar trend: increasing from the top of the core, peaking near the midpoint, and subsequently decreasing. Notably, fuel centerline temperatures remained significantly below established safety limits. Fuel surface temperatures remained relatively constant, while coolant temperature demonstrated a slow, incremental increase along the axial length from the top. While minor discrepancies were observed between the SRAC2006 and MCNP4C datasets, the peak values and their locations remained consistent across both.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p><em>Analisis terma-hidraulik bagi Reaktor Penyelidikan TRIGA Mark II yang beroperasi pada 500 kW di bawah keadaan perolakan semula jadi telah dijalankan menggunakan kod NCTRIGA yang menggunakan data neutronics SRAC2006, dan keputusan telah ditanda aras terhadap pengiraan MCNP4C. Kajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada menilai parameter terma-hidraulik utama sepanjang panjang paksi rod bahan api terpanas (C4) untuk memastikan keselamatan reaktor. Nombor Reynolds menunjukkan peningkatan yang konsisten dengan ketinggian paksi. Sebaliknya, fluks haba, pekali pemindahan haba, dan suhu garis tengah bahan api menunjukkan arah aliran yang sama: meningkat dari atas teras, memuncak berhampiran titik tengah, dan seterusnya menurun. Terutama, suhu garis tengah bahan api kekal jauh di bawah had keselamatan yang ditetapkan. Suhu permukaan bahan api kekal secara relatifnya tetap, manakala suhu penyejuk menunjukkan peningkatan yang perlahan dan bertambah sepanjang paksi dari atas. Walaupun percanggahan kecil diperhatikan antara set data SRAC2006 dan MCNP4C, nilai puncak dan lokasinya kekal konsisten di kedua-duanya.</em></p> 2026-07-05T13:11:45+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement## https://jnrtmns.net/index.php/jnrt/article/view/316 A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF X-/GAMMA RAY ATTENUATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SELECTED RAW MATERIALS COMMONLY USED IN DENTAL APPLICATIONS 2026-07-05T13:15:31+00:00 A. M. Osman amoa@ju.edu.sa <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>The application of dental X-ray imaging and gamma-ray sterilization is a base to the diagnosis and assessment of a wide range of oral and maxillofacial conditions. In this study, the interaction mechanisms of X-/gamma-ray photons with nine commonly used dental restorative and treatment materials were systematically evaluated. To accomplish this, several key radiation-attenuation parameters, including the mass and linear attenuation coefficients (μₘ, μ), mean free path (MFP), atomic and electronic cross sections (σₜ<sub>.a</sub>, σₜ<sub>.el</sub>), effective electron density (N<sub>eff</sub>), as well as the equivalent and effective atomic numbers (Z<sub>eq</sub>, Z<sub>eff</sub>) were calculated and analyzed over a broad photon-energy range (15 keV to 15 MeV). The computations were performed using the EpiXS software package, and the obtained results were further verified through comparison with data generated by the NIST-XCOM database. A detailed investigation was carried out at twelve discrete characteristic X-ray energy levels between 0.008 and 0.05 MeV. In addition, mass attenuation coefficients (μ<sub>m</sub>) were calculated for γ-ray emissions from widely used radionuclides, including <sup>241</sup>Am, <sup>133</sup>Ba, <sup>109</sup>Cd, <sup>152</sup>Eu, <sup>57</sup>Co, <sup>60</sup>Co, <sup>137</sup>Cs, <sup>22</sup>Na, <sup>152</sup>Eu, <sup>54</sup>Mn, <sup>55</sup>Fe, and <sup>131</sup>I. Given that the principal aim of this investigation was to evaluate the X-/γ-ray shielding capabilities of the tested dental materials, their corresponding shielding metrics particularly buildup factors (BUFs) were also analyzed using the GP-fitting interpolation method. Furthermore, the attenuation behavior of these materials was systematically compared with several reference shielding materials documented in the literatures. The linear attenuation coefficient of all investigated samples reduced quickly with the increase in energy, at the beginning, while decrease more slowly in the region from ⁓ 270 keV to ⁓ 850 keV. The effective atomic number of high-noble alloy and noble alloy are comparatively higher than the Z<sub>eff</sub> of the remaining samples, while acrylic possesses the lowest effective atomic number. The half value layer results showed that high-noble alloy (highest density) is more effective to attenuate the X-/γ-ray photons. On the other hand, high-noble alloy had the lowest BUFs in both lower (0.015–0.08 MeV) and higher (5–15 MeV) energy regions. The findings reveal that the high-noble alloy exhibits the greatest attenuation capability among all investigated samples. Overall, this study offers detailed insight into how common dental restorative materials interact with ionizing radiation, providing valuable guidance for enhancing patient safety and strengthening diagnostic accuracy in dental radiographic practices.</p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Penggunaan pengimejan sinar-X pergigian dan pensterilan sinar gamma adalah asas kepada diagnosis dan penilaian pelbagai keadaan mulut dan maksilofasial. Dalam kajian ini, mekanisme interaksi foton sinar-X/gamma dengan sembilan bahan pemulihan dan rawatan pergigian yang biasa digunakan telah dinilai secara sistematik. Untuk mencapai matlamat ini, beberapa parameter pengecilan sinaran utama, termasuk pekali pengecilan jisim dan linear (µₘ, µ), min laluan bebas (MFP), keratan rentas atom dan elektronik (σₜ.a, σₜ.el), ketumpatan elektron berkesan (Neff, dan telaga Z sebagai setara dengan julat lebihan kavalen foton-5 ke kavalen lebar foton-15. MeV). Pengiraan telah dilakukan menggunakan pakej perisian EpiXS, dan keputusan yang diperolehi selanjutnya disahkan melalui perbandingan dengan data yang dijana oleh pangkalan data NIST-XCOM Satu penyiasatan terperinci telah dijalankan pada dua belas tahap tenaga sinar-X ciri diskret antara 0.008 dan 0.05 MeV Di samping itu, pekali pengecilan jisim digunakan secara meluas (μmγ) untuk pekali pengecilan radio. 241Am, 133Ba, 109Cd, 152Eu, 57Co, 60Co, 137Cs, 22Na, 531Fen Memandangkan matlamat utama penyiasatan ini adalah untuk menilai keupayaan perisai sinar-X bagi bahan pembina pergigian yang diuji juga adalah perisai metrik BUF yang sepadan dengannya. Kaedah interpolasi pemasangan GP Selanjutnya, kelakuan pengecilan bahan-bahan ini secara sistematik dibandingkan dengan beberapa bahan pelindung rujukan yang didokumenkan dalam literatur Pekali pengecilan linear bagi semua sampel yang disiasat berkurangan dengan cepat dengan peningkatan tenaga, pada mulanya, sementara berkurangan dengan lebih perlahan di kawasan daripada ⁓ 270 keV no aloi adalah lebih tinggi berbanding Zeff bagi sampel yang selebihnya, manakala akrilik mempunyai nombor atom berkesan terendah Hasil lapisan nilai separuh menunjukkan bahawa aloi mulia tinggi (ketumpatan tertinggi) adalah lebih berkesan untuk melemahkan foton sinar-X Sebaliknya, aloi mulia tinggi mempunyai BUF yang paling rendah dalam kedua-dua kawasan MeV1 yang lebih rendah (0.085–5 bahawa aloi bermutu tinggi mempamerkan keupayaan pengecilan yang paling besar di antara semua sampel yang disiasat Secara keseluruhannya, kajian ini menawarkan pandangan terperinci tentang cara bahan pemulihan pergigian biasa berinteraksi dengan sinaran mengion, memberikan panduan berharga untuk meningkatkan keselamatan pesakit dan mengukuhkan ketepatan diagnostik dalam amalan radiografi pergigian.</p> 2026-07-05T13:13:17+00:00 ##submission.copyrightStatement##