JOURNAL of NUCLEAR and Related TECHNOLOGIES

AN OVERVIEW OF X-RAY MICRO COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (MICRO-CT) APPLICATION AT THE MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY

Roslan Yahya, Dr. — 2023-12-31

Abstract

This technical paper provides an overview of the applications of X-ray Micro Computed Tomography (Micro-CT), with a specific focus on Skyscan 1172 Micro-CT, at the Malaysian Nuclear Agency. Micro-CT is a non-destructive imaging technique that has gained widespread use in scientific and industrial fields. The paper examines the fundamental principles and techniques of Skyscan 1172 Micro-CT and explores its applications in the Malaysian Nuclear Agency for material characterization and defect detection. Additionally, the paper discusses the advantages and limitations of Micro-CT and outlines the challenges and opportunities for its use in Malaysia. Overall, this review aims to provide insights into the potential applications of Micro-CT in Malaysia and to encourage further research and development in this field.

Abstrak

Kertas teknikal ini memberikan gambaran keseluruhan aplikasi X-ray Micro Computed Tomography (Micro-CT), dengan fokus khusus pada Skyscan 1172 Micro-CT, di Agensi Nuklear Malaysia. Micro-CT adalah teknik pengimejan yang tidak merosakkan yang telah mendapat penggunaan meluas dalam bidang saintifik dan perindustrian. Kertas kerja ini mengkaji prinsip dan teknik asas Skyscan 1172 Micro-CT dan meneroka aplikasinya dalam Agensi Nuklear Malaysia untuk pencirian material dan kecacatan Selain itu, kertas kerja ini membincangkan kelebihan dan batasan Micro-CT dan menggariskan cabaran dan peluang untuk kegunaannya di Malaysia. Secara keseluruhan, ulasan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pandangan tentang potensi aplikasi Micro-CT di Malaysia dan untuk menggalakkan penyelidikan dan pembangunan selanjutnya dalam bidang ini.

A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINING OF THE K FACTOR IN ELECTRON BEAM ACCELERATOR

Shalina Sheik Muhamad, Dr. — 2023-12-31

Abstract

The absorbed dose received by an irradiated product depends on the following factors: the characteristics of the beam, which consist of electron energy, average beam current, scan width and scan uniformity; the conveyor speed; the product composition and density; the composition, density and thickness of material; and the distance of output window to the product. The significant parameters controlled by the operator were the characteristics of the beam and the conveyor speed. As this accelerator has been used for various applications in radiation processing, product surface doses must be set and utilized through operational qualification such as beam energy, beam current, scan width and conveyor speed. In this work, we have described a simple method for determining the K factor for the 3 MeV facility. The qualification was carried out using Alanine dosimeters and the calculations were evaluated according to ISO/ASTM 51649 and ISO 11137-3. The relative uncertainty of the measurements was estimated to be 4.20-7.10 %.

Abstrak

Dos yang diserap yang diterima oleh produk yang disinari bergantung kepada faktor-faktor berikut: ciri-ciri rasuk, yang terdiri daripada tenaga elektron, arus rasuk purata, lebar imbasan dan keseragaman imbasan; kelajuan penghantar; komposisi dan ketumpatan produk; komposisi, ketumpatan dan ketebalan bahan; dan jarak tetingkap keluaran ke produk. Parameter penting yang dikawal oleh pengendali ialah ciri-ciri rasuk dan kelajuan penghantar. Memandangkan pemecut ini telah digunakan untuk pelbagai aplikasi dalam pemprosesan sinaran, dos permukaan produk mesti ditetapkan dan digunakan melalui kelayakan operasi seperti tenaga rasuk, arus rasuk, lebar imbasan dan kelajuan penghantar. Dalam kerja ini, kami telah menerangkan kaedah mudah untuk menentukan faktor K untuk kemudahan 3 MeV. Kelayakan telah dijalankan menggunakan dosimeter Alanine dan pengiraan telah dinilai mengikut ISO/ASTM 51649 dan ISO 11137-3. Ketidakpastian relatif pengukuran dianggarkan 4.20-7.10%.

STUDY THE DEPTH DOSE PROFILE OF THE LOW ENERGY ELECTRON ACCELERATOR

Leo Kwee Wah, Dr. — 2023-12-31

ABSTRACT
This paper describes depth dose measurement of Low Energy Electron Accelerator (LEEA). This locally designed LEEA with the former energy of 140 keV will be upgraded to 300 keV. As the setup, the electron beam is energized by the electric field with the high voltage power supply, scanning and passing through the titanium foil to irradiate the sample. As the results, depth dose profile by the energetic beam mapping results have been obtained by using B3 radio chromic film and FWT-60 nylon dosimeters.

ABSTRAK
Kertas kajian ini menerangkan pengukuran dos kedalaman Pemecut Elektron Tenaga Rendah (LEEA). LEEA reka bentuk tempatan dengan tenaga 140 keV dahulu akan dinaik taraf kepada 300 keV. Sebagai persediaan, pancaran elektron ditenagakan oleh medan elektrik dengan bekalan kuasa voltan tinggi, mengimbas dan melalui kerajang titanium untuk menyinari sampel. Hasilnya, profil dos kedalaman oleh hasil pemetaan rasuk bertenaga telah diperoleh dengan menggunakan filem kromik radio B3 dan dosimeter nilon FWT-60.

DENSITY PROFILE COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT BUILD-UP USING GAMMA TRANSMISSION

Mohd Fitri Abdul Rahman, Dr. — 2023-12-31

ABSTRACT
Utilizing gamma radiation, a specialized pipe scanning apparatus was employed to detect anomalies within piping systems, showcasing its remarkable ability to effortlessly permeate metals and steel. Nevertheless, the task of identifying constituent materials within piping systems becomes intricate in the presence of multiple samples. This state-of-the-art pipe scanning technology serves the purpose of non-destructively examining pipes and finds extensive application in industries like oil and gas, manufacturing, and infrastructure. This study primarily focuses on a comparative analysis between empirical experimentation and computational modelling. The investigation underscores the pipe scanner's precision in recognizing and characterizing anomalies within simulated samples. The outcomes of this research bear significant relevance to industries reliant on pipe systems, signifying advancements in inspection methodologies.

ABSTRAK
Menggunakan sinaran gamma, radas pengimbasan paip khusus digunakan untuk mengesan anomali dalam sistem paip, mempamerkan keupayaan luar biasa untuk meresap logam dan keluli dengan mudah. Namun begitu, tugas mengenal pasti bahan konstituen dalam sistem perpaipan menjadi rumit dengan kehadiran berbilang sampel. Teknologi pengimbasan paip tercanggih ini berfungsi untuk memeriksa paip tanpa merosakkan dan menemui aplikasi yang meluas dalam industri seperti minyak dan gas, pembuatan dan infrastruktur. Kajian ini tertumpu terutamanya pada analisis perbandingan antara eksperimen empirikal dan pemodelan pengiraan. Siasatan menggariskan ketepatan pengimbas paip dalam mengenali dan mencirikan anomali dalam sampel simulasi. Hasil penyelidikan ini mempunyai perkaitan yang ketara kepada industri yang bergantung kepada sistem paip, yang menandakan kemajuan dalam metodologi pemeriksaan.

STUDY THE DYNAMIC APERTURE OF A COMPACT HADRON DRIVER FOR CANCER THERAPY

Leo Kwee Wah, Dr. — 2023-12-31

Abstract

A design of a compact hadron driver for future cancer therapies based on the induction synchrotron concept is given. In order to realize a slow extraction technique in a fast-cycling synchrotron, which allows the energy sweep beam scanning, the zero momentum-dispersion D(s) region and high flat D(s) region are necessary. The present design meets both requirements. The lattice has the two-fold symmetry with a circumference of 52.8 m, 2 m-long dispersion-free straight section, and 3 m-long large flat dispersion straight section. Assuming a 1.5 T bending magnet, the ring can deliver heavy ions of 200 MeV/au at 10 Hz. Details of the lattice parameters and dynamic aperture approach and method are studied are discussed.

Abstrak

Reka bentuk pemacu hadron padat untuk terapi kanser masa hadapan berdasarkan konsep induksi synchrotron diberikan. Untuk merealisasikan teknik pengekstrakan perlahan dalam segerak berbasikal pantas, yang membolehkan pengimbasan rasuk sapuan tenaga, rantau D(s) penyebaran momentum sifar dan kawasan D(s) rata tinggi adalah perlu. Reka bentuk sekarang memenuhi kedua-dua keperluan. Kekisi mempunyai simetri dua lipatan dengan lilitan 52.8 m, keratan lurus bebas serakan sepanjang 2 m, dan keratan lurus serakan rata besar 3 m panjang. Dengan mengandaikan magnet lentur 1.5 T, gelang boleh menghantar ion berat 200 MeV/au pada 10 Hz. Butiran parameter kekisi dan pendekatan dan kaedah apertur dinamik dikaji dibincangkan.

X-RAY DIFFRACTION TECHNIQUE IN PROBING FILLERS IN THE POLYMER BLEND COMPOSITE

Hafizal Yazid, Dr. — 2023-12-31

ABSTRACT
We have illustrated the application of X-ray diffraction (XRD) to meticulously investigate the positioning of nano-sized boron carbide (B4C-type compounds) fillers. In this study, we successfully employed a deconvolution process using the Pearson VII function to fit the XRD diffraction Bragg and amorphous peaks, with a fitting error of below 4%. Additionally, thermal measurement was conducted by assessing the thermal conductivity of the composite material.

ABSTRAK
Kami telah menggambarkan aplikasi pembelauan sinar-X (XRD) untuk menyiasat dengan teliti kedudukan pengisi boron karbida (sebatian jenis B4C) bersaiz nano. Dalam kajian ini, kami berjaya menggunakan proses dekonvolusi menggunakan fungsi Pearson VII agar sesuai dengan pembelauan XRD Bragg dan puncak amorf, dengan ralat pemasangan di bawah 4%. Selain itu, pengukuran terma dijalankan dengan menilai kekonduksian terma bahan komposit.

STUDY OF NEUTRON FIELD AROUND MALAYSIAN NUCLEAR AGENCY-PLASMA FOCUS (MNA-PF) USING PHITS

Puteri Nuraliah Husna Mohd Tajuddin — 2023-12-31

ABSTRACT
Plasma Focus is a device that can produce neutron, x-ray, electron, and ion. The Malaysian Nuclear Agency employs a plasma focus device based on the UNU/ICTP PFF design of the Mather type. In this study, the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) was used to model the neutron field in the plasma focus. PHITS is a Monte Carlo particle transport simulation code that was used to model the Malaysian Nuclear Agency-Plasma Focus device and simulate the neutron field in the chamber. As a result of employing the PHITS code, the effective dose rate will be compared with the result from the experiment that has been done to study the neutron field around the plasma focus device. The neutron flux and dose mapping also has been obtained from the PHITS code.

ABSTRAK
Plasma Focus is a device that can produce neutron, x-ray, electron, and ion. The Malaysian Nuclear Agency employs a plasma focus device based on the UNU/ICTP PFF design of the Mather type. In this study, the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System (PHITS) was used to model the neutron field in the plasma focus. PHITS is a Monte Carlo particle transport simulation code that was used to model the Malaysian Nuclear Agency-Plasma Focus device and simulate the neutron field in the chamber. As a result of employing the PHITS code, the effective dose rate will be compared with the result from the experiment that has been done to study the neutron field around the plasma focus device. The neutron flux and dose mapping also has been obtained from the PHITS code.

STRUCTURAL PROPERTY OF AlH3 NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESISED VIA MECHANOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE

J.A. Murshidi, Dr. — 2023-12-31

Abstract

Research into materials based hydrogen storage has grown significantly over the past decade. Of the wide variety of materials based hydrogen storage, AlH₃ nanoparticles were chosen as the primary focus of this paper. AlH₃nanoparticles were synthesised by mechanochemical reactions of the 3LiAlH₄ + AlCl₃ using different LiCl:AlH₃ volume ratios (0.76:1, 2:1, 5:1 and 10:1) at 77 K. The addition of LiCl as a buffer leads to the reduction of the synthesized AlH₃ crystallite size and preventing high Al yields. Quantitative Rietveld results suggest the presence of an amorphous AlH₃ phase in mechanochemically synthesized samples.

Abstrak

Penyelidikan ke dalam simpanan hidrogen berasaskan bahan telah berkembang dengan ketara sepanjang dekad yang lalu. Daripada pelbagai jenis penyimpanan hidrogen berasaskan bahan, nanozarah AlH₃ telah dipilih sebagai fokus utama kertas ini. Nanozarah AlH₃ disintesis melalui tindak balas mekanokimia 3LiAlH₄ + AlCl₃menggunakan nisbah isipadu LiCl:AlH₃ yang berbeza (0.76:1, 2:1, 5:1 dan 10:1) pada 77 K. Penambahan LiCl sebagai penimbal membawa kepada pengurangan saiz kristal AlH₃ yang disintesis dan menghalang hasil Al yang tinggi. Keputusan Rietveld kuantitatif mencadangkan kehadiran fasa AlH3 amorf dalam sampel yang disintesis secara mekanokimia.

ACCEPTANCE TESTING, CALIBRATION AND DECOMMISSIONING OF RADIOTHERAPHY EQUIPMENT

Aina Ashyiqin Gapor — 2023-12-31

ABSTRACT

Radiotherapy therapy is a form of treatment for cancer that employs high-energy beams to destroy cancer cells. Radiation treatment is most generally utilized with X-rays; however, protons or other radiation types can also be used. The most typical radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer is external beam radiation therapy. A machine that transmits a radiation beam through the skin to a targeted area of the body, commonly a tumor. Therefore, in order for a radiotherapy machine to fully functional and safe to use, some acceptance testing should be done by the manufacturer and medical physicist. This review discussed the a) safety checks, b) mechanical checks, and c) dosimetry measurement to be done in order to ensure the radiotherapy equipment are operating in a manner suited to real-world circumstances and usage. The calibration of the X-ray machines is essential to maintain precision consistency for measuring machines by referring to the reference calibrating apparatus and then adjusting as appropriate. The key benefit of calibration is that it preserves measurement precision, consistency and repetition providing reliable standards and results. WHO has released a number of technical publications on the evaluation, selection, and management of healthcare technology; however, there is currently no guidelines on decommissioning medical devices and no systematic review of the implications of decommissioning on the economy, the environment, and people's health until now. The elimination of inequalities in access to medical devices presents a difficult problem since it calls for an analysis of the regulatory, technological, management, and procurement structures in place.

ABSTRAK

Terapi radioterapi adalah satu bentuk rawatan untuk kanser yang menggunakan pancaran tenaga tinggi untuk memusnahkan sel-sel kanser. Rawatan sinaran biasanya digunakan dengan sinar-X, namun proton atau jenis sinaran lain juga boleh digunakan. Terapi sinaran yang paling tipikal untuk rawatan kanser ialah terapi sinaran pancaran luaran. Mesin yang menghantar pancaran sinaran melalui kulit ke kawasan sasaran badan, biasanya tumor. Oleh itu, untuk membolehkan mesin radioterapi berfungsi sepenuhnya dan selamat digunakan, beberapa ujian penerimaan harus dilakukan oleh pengilang dan ahli fizik perubatan. Semakan ini membincangkan a) pemeriksaan keselamatan, b) pemeriksaan mekanikal, dan c) pengukuran dosimetri yang perlu dilakukan untuk memastikan peralatan radioterapi beroperasi dalam cara yang sesuai dengan keadaan dan penggunaan dunia sebenar. Penentukuran mesin X-ray adalah penting untuk mengekalkan ketekalan ketekalan bagi mesin pengukur dengan merujuk kepada radas penentukuran rujukan dan kemudian melaraskan mengikut kesesuaian. Faedah utama penentukuran ialah ia mengekalkan ketepatan pengukuran, ketekalan dan pengulangan memberikan piawaian dan keputusan yang boleh dipercayai. WHO telah mengeluarkan beberapa penerbitan teknikal mengenai penilaian, pemilihan, dan pengurusan teknologi penjagaan kesihatan; namun, pada masa ini tiada garis panduan mengenai penyahtauliahan peranti perubatan dan tiada kajian sistematik tentang implikasi penyahtauliahan terhadap ekonomi, alam sekitar dan kesihatan rakyat sehingga kini. Penghapusan ketidaksamaan dalam akses kepada peranti perubatan menimbulkan masalah yang sukar kerana ia memerlukan analisis struktur pengawalseliaan, teknologi, pengurusan dan perolehan yang sedia ada.

IMPACT OF PLASMA PARAMETERS ON NUCLEAR FUSION

Ayan Kumar Makar — 2023-12-31

ABSTRACT

Prior experiments on nuclear fusion have revealed that the rate of nuclear fusion essentially depends upon plasma density. pressure and temperature. To probe this dependency relation in particular an approach has been taken to achieving nuclear fusion by mediating metal electrons as screening agents to bring light fusion elements "closer". as in deuterated materials. and such lattice Confinement were utilised to measure the degree of nuclear fusion. Based on this a computational analysis has been performed with justifiable assumptions. using TALYS code to estimate the nuclear reaction cross -sections and modern software tools based on the Monte Carlo technique for particle transport simulations. Furthermore plasma beta (β) defined by the ratio between the plasma pressure to the magnetic pressure has been calculated with altering profiles of plasma density and temperature. It can be interpreted from the results that altering profiles of plasma parameters affect the absolute reaction cross sections of the interacting nuclei and thus have an impact on overall plasma fusion dynamics.

ABSTRAK

Eksperimen terdahulu mengenai pelakuran nuklear telah mendedahkan bahawa kadar pelakuran nuklear pada asasnya bergantung kepada ketumpatan plasma. tekanan dan suhu. Untuk menyiasat hubungan pergantungan ini khususnya pendekatan telah diambil untuk mencapai pelakuran nuklear dengan mengantarkan elektron logam sebagai agen penapisan untuk membawa elemen pelakuran ringan "lebih dekat". seperti dalam bahan yang dideuter. dan Pengkurungan kekisi tersebut digunakan untuk mengukur tahap pelakuran nuklear..Berdasarkan ini analisis pengiraan telah dilakukan dengan andaian yang wajar. menggunakan kod TALYS untuk menganggarkan keratan rentas tindak balas nuklear dan alat perisian moden berdasarkan teknik Monte Carlo untuk simulasi pengangkutan zarah. Tambahan pula plasma beta (β) yang ditakrifkan oleh nisbah antara tekanan plasma kepada tekanan magnet telah dikira dengan mengubah profil ketumpatan dan suhu plasma. Ia boleh ditafsirkan daripada keputusan bahawa mengubah profil parameter plasma mempengaruhi keratan rentas tindak balas mutlak nukleus yang berinteraksi dan dengan itu mempunyai kesan ke atas keseluruhan. dinamik gabungan plasma.

POTENTIAL USAGE OF GAMMA RADIATION ON SENSORY EVALUATION, BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES ALONG WITH HEAVY METALS ANALYSIS OF DIETARY FIBER OBTAINED FROM PINEAPPLE PEEL

Md. Shojib Mia — 2023-12-31

ABSTRACT

Agro-industries plays a significant role for nutrition intake; however, they produce a considerable quantity of fruits and vegetables wastes or byproducts during processing that are mostly unused. Production of value-added products from the generated wastes could be a possible tool for the waste management in this sector. The present work was aimed at production of value-added dietary fiber from pineapple peel and investigate the potential effects of gamma irradiation at different doses (5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kGy) on this dietary fiber in respect with sensory evaluation, biochemical properties and heavy metal analysis. There was no significant effect of radiation found on appearance, color, flavor, taste and texture in the dietary fiber. Significant reduction in lipid content was seen in fiber irradiated with 30 kGy dose compared to untreated fiber. Besides, irradiation has no significant effect on moisture, ash content and calcium of dietary fiber. Irradiated dietary fiber showed decreased total phenol content than the unirradiated sample. Irradiation with 30 and 40 kGy doses increased protein content compared to control dietary fiber. PIXE analysis showed there was no Lead and Cadmium heavy metal in pineapple peel dietary fiber.

ABSTRAK

Agro-industri memainkan peranan penting untuk pengambilan nutrisi; walau bagaimanapun, mereka menghasilkan sejumlah besar sisa buah-buahan dan sayur-sayuran atau produk sampingan semasa pemprosesan yang kebanyakannya tidak digunakan. Pengeluaran produk nilai tambah daripada sisa terjana boleh menjadi alat yang mungkin untuk pengurusan sisa dalam sektor ini. Kerja-kerja ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan serat pemakanan nilai tambah daripada kulit nanas dan menyiasat potensi kesan penyinaran gamma pada dos yang berbeza (5, 10, 20, 30 dan 40 kGy) pada serat pemakanan ini berkaitan dengan penilaian deria, biokimia. sifat dan analisis logam berat. Tiada kesan ketara sinaran yang ditemui pada rupa, warna, rasa, rasa dan tekstur dalam serat makanan. Pengurangan ketara dalam kandungan lipid dilihat dalam serat yang disinari dengan dos 30 kGy berbanding dengan serat yang tidak dirawat. Selain itu, penyinaran tidak mempunyai kesan ketara ke atas kelembapan, kandungan abu dan kalsium serat makanan. Serat pemakanan yang disinari menunjukkan penurunan jumlah kandungan fenol daripada sampel yang tidak disinari. Penyinaran dengan dos 30 dan 40 kGy meningkatkan kandungan protein berbanding dengan serat pemakanan kawalan. Analisis PIXE menunjukkan tiada logam berat Plumbum dan Kadmium dalam serat pemakanan kulit nanas.